Giant perivascular spaces: two case reports

Giant perivascular spaces or Virchow-Robin spaces (VRSs) are uniquely inherent developmental malformation and are generally lined by ependymal or leptomeningeal cells. The cerebral hemispheres with VRSs present multiple cysts of curvilinear, round, oval, or layered configuration, which have the same signal intensity as the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) and represent extremely dilated VRSs. The cortex became extremely thin with a well-defined margin. Herein, we report two cases of true giant perivascular spaces and present a review of pertinent literature. A patient has multiple cysts in the unilateral and bilateral and has polycystic liver. The clinical presentation, image logical features, and diagnosis are discussed.

Intracranial Hypertension Syndrome in Systemic Lupus Erythema-tosus:Clinical Analysis and Review of the Literature / 华中科技大学学报（医学）（英德文版）

In order to better understand the clinical manifestation of systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) with intracranial hypertension syndrome (IHS),we analyzed the clinical features and treatment of a typical SLE patient with IHS.SLE is one of the most unpredictable autoimmune diseases in-volving multiple organ systems that is defined clinically and associated with antibodies directed against cell nuclei.IHS is an uncommon manifestation of neuropsychiatric SLE (NPSLE) and is characterized by an elevated intracranial pressure,papilledema,and headache with occasional ab-ducens nerve paresis,absence of a space-occupying lesion or ventricular enlargement,and normal cerebrospinal fluid chemical and hematological constituents.IHS has been reported in a few sporadic cases in patients with SLE worldwide,but rarely has been reported in China.In this study,a 34-year-old female SLE patient with IHS was.reported and pertinent literature reviewed.The clinical presentation,image logical features,and investigatory findings were discussed.

Lentivector-mediated RNAi Efficiently Downregulates Expression of Murine TNF-а Gene in vitro and in vivo / 华中科技大学学报（医学）（英德文版）

In order to explore the role of TNF-a in Niemann-Pick type C (NPC) disease,lentivi-ral-delivered RNA interference (RNAi) was used to silence the expression of murine TNF-a gene in vitro and in npc mice.Interference efficiency of the lentivirus expressing TNF-a-siRNA,previously constructed with the concentration of 2×108ifu/mL,was determined by RT-PCR and ELISA in BV-2 tricularly infused into 4-week old npc mice for a 4-week period,and the mice were divided into 3 (n=4).By using immunohistochemistry and real-time PCR,the down-regulation of the target genes ciently in vitro and the interference efficiency was 66.7%.Lentivirus could be expressed stably for long-term in the npc mice brain.Immunohistochemistry and real-time PCR revealed that,as com-pard with non-intervention gronp and Lenti-control group,Lenti-TNF-a-siRNA efficiently down-regulated the expression of murine TNF-a gene with the interference efficiency being 66.9%.TNF-a-siRNA downregulated the expression of TNF-a gene in vitro and in vivo,which provided a potential tool for studying and treation neurodegenerative diseases and TNF-a-related diseases.

The Neuroprotective Effects of Cyclin-dependent Kinase-5 Inhibition in Mice with Niemann-Pick Disease Type C / 华中科技大学学报（医学）（英德文版）

significantly attenuated the hyper-phosphorylation of tau proteins. These data suggested that inhibition of cdk-5 activity has neuropro-tective effect on neurons in NPC mice.